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      <div class="body-wrap"><article id="post-花神(maoge)/1.并发编程/15.并发编程--锁-介绍" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
  
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<the rest="" of="" contents="" |="" 余下全文="">

<h2 id="15-并发编程–锁-介绍"><a href="#15-并发编程–锁-介绍" class="headerlink" title="15.并发编程–锁-介绍"></a>15.并发编程–锁-介绍</h2><p>前言</p>
<ul>
<li>Java 5 添加了一个新的包到 Java 平台，java.util.concurrent 包。这个包包含有一系列能够让 Java 的并发编程变得更加简单轻松的类。在这个包被添加以前，你需要自己去动手实现自己的相关工具类。</li>
<li>本文我将带你一一认识 java.util.concurrent包里的这些类，然后你可以尝试着如何在项目中使用它们。</li>
<li>本文中我将使用Java 6 版本，我不确定这和 Java 5 版本里的是否有一些差异。</li>
<li>我不会去解释关于 Java 并发的核心问题 - 其背后的原理，也就是说，如果你对那些东西感兴趣，参考《Java 并发指南》</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="本文主要内容涉及"><a href="#本文主要内容涉及" class="headerlink" title="本文主要内容涉及"></a>本文主要内容涉及</h5><h6 id="并发编程–锁-介绍"><a href="#并发编程–锁-介绍" class="headerlink" title="并发编程–锁-介绍"></a>并发编程–锁-介绍</h6><ul>
<li>LOCK</li>
<li>ReentrantLock</li>
<li>Condition</li>
<li>ReentrantReadWriteLock</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-LOCK-计时器-简介"><a href="#1-LOCK-计时器-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. LOCK(计时器) 简介"></a>1. LOCK(计时器) 简介</h3><h5 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="headerlink" title="介绍"></a>介绍</h5><ul>
<li>从Java 5之后，在java.util.concurrent.locks包下提供了另外一种方式来实现同步访问，那就是Lock。</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> 既然都可以通过synchronized来实现同步访问了，那么为什么还需要提供Lock？<br><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>理解：<br></li>
<li>synchronized的缺陷</li>
<li>一如果一个代码块被synchronized修饰了，当一个线程获取了对应的锁，并执行该代码块时，其他线程便只能一直等待，等待获取锁的线程释放锁，而这里获取锁的线程释放锁只会有两种情况<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>1）获取锁的线程执行完了该代码块，然后线程释放对锁的占有;</li>
<li>2）线程执行发生异常，此时JVM会让线程自动释放锁;</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>那么如果这个获取锁的线程由于要等待IO或者其他原因（比如调用sleep方法）被阻塞了，但是又没有释放锁，其他线程便只能等待，试想一下，这多么影响程序执行效率。</li>
<li>因此就需要有一种机制可以不让等待的线程一直无期限地等待下去（比如只等待一定的时间或者能够响应中断），通过Lock就可以办到。 <br></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="LOCK-的特点"><a href="#LOCK-的特点" class="headerlink" title="LOCK 的特点 "></a>LOCK 的特点 <br></h6><h6 id="LOCK-是一种更为优秀的设计"><a href="#LOCK-是一种更为优秀的设计" class="headerlink" title="LOCK 是一种更为优秀的设计"></a>LOCK 是一种更为优秀的设计</h6><ul>
<li>例如：支持重入锁，嗅探锁定，多路分支等功能</li>
<li>Lock接口中每个方法的使用， 1-4是用来获取锁的，5方法是用来释放锁的，<br><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>1）lock() //lock()方法是平常使用得最多的一个方法，就是用来获取锁。如果锁已被其他线程获取，则进行等待.</li>
<li>2）tryLock() //tryLock()方法是有返回值的，它表示用来尝试获取锁，如果获取成功，则返回true，如果获取失败（即锁已被其他线程获取），则返回false.</li>
<li>3）tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) //和tryLock()方法是类似的，只不过区别在于这个方法在拿不到锁时会等待一定的时间， 在时间期限之内如果还拿不到锁，就返回false。如果如果一开始拿到锁或者在等待期间内拿到了锁，则返回true</li>
<li>4）lockInterruptibly() 比较特殊，当通过这个方法去获取锁时，如果线程正在等待获取锁，则这个线程能够响应中断，即中断线程的等待状态。当两个线程同时通过lock.lockInterruptibly()想获取某个锁时，假若此时线程A获取到了锁，而线程B只有在等待，那么对线程B调用threadB.interrupt()方法能够中断线程B的等待过程。</li>
<li>5）unLock() </li>
<li>6）newCondition() LOCK 中的类似Object等待wait/通知notify的方法</li>
<li>7) isLocked() 是否锁定 锁定嗅探</li>
<li>8) isFail() 是否是公平锁</li>
<li>9) getQueueLength() 返回正在等待获得此锁定的线程数</li>
<li>10） getWaitQueueLength() 返回等待与锁定相关的给定条件Condition的线程数.</li>
<li>11） hasQueueThread(Thread thread) 查询指定的线程是否等待此锁</li>
<li>12） hasQueueThreads() 查询是否存在线程正在等待此锁</li>
<li>13） hasWaiters() 查询是否存在啊线程正在等待与此锁定有关的condition条件</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="2-ReentrantLock"><a href="#2-ReentrantLock" class="headerlink" title="2. ReentrantLock"></a>2. ReentrantLock</h3><ul>
<li>ReentrantLock，意思是“可重入锁”。ReentrantLock是唯一实现了Lock接口的类，并且ReentrantLock提供了更多的方法.<blockquote>
<p>注意 重入锁，在需要进行同步的代码部分加上锁，最后一定要释放锁，不然你就蛋疼了</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="示例：MyCountDownLatch-Java"><a href="#示例：MyCountDownLatch-Java" class="headerlink" title="示例：MyCountDownLatch.Java"></a>示例：MyCountDownLatch.Java</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyReentrantLock</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> Lock lock = <span class="keyword">new</span> ReentrantLock();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">method1</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入method1.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"退出method1.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      lock.unlock();<span class="comment">//释放锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">method2</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入method2.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">2000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"退出method2.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      lock.unlock();<span class="comment">//释放锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> MyReentrantLock ur = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyReentrantLock();</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        ur.method1();</span><br><span class="line">        ur.method2();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t1"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    t1.start();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h6 id="执行结果"><a href="#执行结果" class="headerlink" title="执行结果 "></a>执行结果 <br></h6><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当前线程:t1进入method1..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1退出method1..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1进入method2..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1退出method2..</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="lock-newCondition"><a href="#lock-newCondition" class="headerlink" title="lock.newCondition() "></a>lock.newCondition() <br></h4><h5 id="Condition-的作用。"><a href="#Condition-的作用。" class="headerlink" title="Condition 的作用。"></a>Condition 的作用。<br></h5><p> newCondition() LOCK 中的类似Object等待wait/通知notify的方法&lt;.<br></p>
<h4 id="示例："><a href="#示例：" class="headerlink" title="示例："></a>示例：</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyCondition</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> Lock lock = <span class="keyword">new</span> ReentrantLock();</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> Condition condition = lock.newCondition();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">method1</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入等待状态.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"释放锁.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      condition.await();	<span class="comment">// Object wait</span></span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() +<span class="string">"继续执行..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">method2</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"发出唤醒.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      condition.signal();		<span class="comment">//Object notify</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> MyCondition uc = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyCondition();</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        uc.method1();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t1"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        uc.method2();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t2"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    t1.start();</span><br><span class="line">    t2.start();</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当前线程：t1进入..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t1释放锁..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t2进入..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t2发出唤醒..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t1继续执行...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h5 id="多个Condition"><a href="#多个Condition" class="headerlink" title="多个Condition"></a>多个Condition<br></h5><p>可以通过一个LOCK锁产生多个Condition进行线程间的交互。非常灵活，是的部分需要换新的线程唤醒，其他线程则继续等待通知。<br></p>
<h5 id="示例：MyManyCondition-java"><a href="#示例：MyManyCondition-java" class="headerlink" title="示例：MyManyCondition.java"></a>示例：MyManyCondition.java</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyManyCondition</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> ReentrantLock lock = <span class="keyword">new</span> ReentrantLock();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">m1</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入方法m1等待.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     c1.await();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"方法m1继续.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">m2</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入方法m2等待.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     c1.await();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"方法m2继续.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">m3</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入方法m3等待.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     c2.await();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"方法m3继续.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">m4</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"唤醒.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     c1.signalAll();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">m5</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">     System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程："</span> +Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"唤醒.."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">     c2.signal();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     lock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">final</span> MyManyCondition umc = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyManyCondition();</span><br><span class="line">   Thread t1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">     <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       umc.m1();</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;,<span class="string">"t1"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   Thread t2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">     <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       umc.m2();</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;,<span class="string">"t2"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   Thread t3 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">     <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       umc.m3();</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;,<span class="string">"t3"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   Thread t4 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">     <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       umc.m4();</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;,<span class="string">"t4"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   Thread t5 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">     <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       umc.m5();</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;,<span class="string">"t5"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   t1.start();	<span class="comment">// c1</span></span><br><span class="line">   t2.start();	<span class="comment">// c1</span></span><br><span class="line">   t3.start();	<span class="comment">// c2</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     Thread.sleep(<span class="number">2000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   t4.start();	<span class="comment">// c1</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     Thread.sleep(<span class="number">2000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   t5.start();	<span class="comment">// c2</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="执行结果："><a href="#执行结果：" class="headerlink" title="执行结果："></a>执行结果：</h5><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当前线程：t1进入方法m1等待..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t3进入方法m3等待..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t2进入方法m2等待..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t4唤醒..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t1方法m1继续..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t2方法m2继续..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t5唤醒..</span><br><span class="line">当前线程：t3方法m3继续..</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-ReentrantReadWriteLock"><a href="#3-ReentrantReadWriteLock" class="headerlink" title="3. ReentrantReadWriteLock"></a>3. ReentrantReadWriteLock</h3><blockquote>
<p>ReentrantReadWriteLock是Lock的另一种实现方式.</p>
<ul>
<li>我们已经知道了ReentrantLock是一个排他锁，同一时间只允许一个线程访问，而ReentrantReadWriteLock允许多个读线程同时访问，但不允许写线程和读线程、写线程和写线程同时访问。相对于排他锁，提高了并发性。</li>
<li>在实际应用中，大部分情况下对共享数据（如缓存）的访问都是读操作远多于写操作，这时ReentrantReadWriteLock能够提供比排他锁更好的并发性和吞吐量。<br>ReentrantReadWriteLock支持以下功能：</li>
<li>支持公平和非公平的获取锁的方式;</li>
<li>支持可重入。读线程在获取了读锁后还可以获取读锁；写线程在获取了写锁之后既可以再次获取写锁又可以获取读锁;</li>
<li>还允许从写入锁降级为读取锁，其实现方式是：先获取写入锁，然后获取读取锁，最后释放写入锁。但是，从读取锁升级到写入锁是不允许的;</li>
<li>读取锁和写入锁都支持锁获取期间的中断;</li>
<li>Condition支持。仅写入锁提供了一个 Conditon 实现；读取锁不支持 Conditon ，readLock().newCondition() 会抛出 UnsupportedOperationException;</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock-java"><a href="#示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock-java" class="headerlink" title="示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock.java"></a>示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock.java</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyReentrantReadWriteLock</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> ReentrantReadWriteLock();</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">private</span> WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">read</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      readLock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"退出..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      readLock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">write</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      writeLock.lock();</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"进入..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      Thread.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"当前线程:"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"退出..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      writeLock.unlock();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> MyReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyReentrantReadWriteLock();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Thread t1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        urrw.read();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t1"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        urrw.read();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t2"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t3 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        urrw.write();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t3"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    Thread t4 = <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> Runnable() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        urrw.write();</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;, <span class="string">"t4"</span>);		</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注解1</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//		t1.start(); // R</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//		t2.start(); // R</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注解2</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//		t1.start(); // R</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">//		t3.start(); // W</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注解3</span></span><br><span class="line">    t3.start(); <span class="comment">// W</span></span><br><span class="line">    t4.start(); <span class="comment">// W</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">```  </span><br><span class="line">#### 运行结构：&lt;br /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">打开注解<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">```json</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t2进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t2退出...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1退出...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>打开注解1<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当前线程:t1进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t1退出...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t3进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t3退出...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>打开注解3<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当前线程:t3进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t3退出...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t4进入...</span><br><span class="line">当前线程:t4退出...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>总结：读读共享，读写互斥，写写互斥</p>
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        <p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/maoge-blog/2018/07/05/花神(maoge)/1.并发编程/15.并发编程--锁-介绍/">15.并发编程--锁-介绍</a></p>
        <p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="回到主页">zhengweiMao</a></p>
        <p><span>发布时间:</span>2018-07-05, 14:27:57</p>
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            <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#15-并发编程–锁-介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">15.并发编程–锁-介绍</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#本文主要内容涉及"><span class="toc-number">1.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">本文主要内容涉及</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-6"><a class="toc-link" href="#并发编程–锁-介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.0.0.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">并发编程–锁-介绍</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-LOCK-计时器-简介"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1. LOCK(计时器) 简介</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#介绍"><span class="toc-number">1.1.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">介绍</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-6"><a class="toc-link" href="#LOCK-的特点"><span class="toc-number">1.1.0.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">LOCK 的特点 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-6"><a class="toc-link" href="#LOCK-是一种更为优秀的设计"><span class="toc-number">1.1.0.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">LOCK 是一种更为优秀的设计</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-ReentrantLock"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. ReentrantLock</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#示例：MyCountDownLatch-Java"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">示例：MyCountDownLatch.Java</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-6"><a class="toc-link" href="#执行结果"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">执行结果 </span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#lock-newCondition"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">lock.newCondition() </span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#Condition-的作用。"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Condition 的作用。</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#示例："><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">示例：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#多个Condition"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">多个Condition</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#示例：MyManyCondition-java"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">示例：MyManyCondition.java</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#执行结果："><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">执行结果：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-ReentrantReadWriteLock"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. ReentrantReadWriteLock</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock-java"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">示例：MyReentrantReadWriteLock.java</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
        
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